# Écône consecrations (1988)

URL: https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1988-econe-consecrations
Location: Écône, Switzerland
Themes: Schism

Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrates four bishops without papal mandate. At this point in the timeline (30 June 1988), the Bishop of Rome was Pope John Paul II (16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005).

## Why it matters
Écône consecrations mattered because it changed the boundaries of communion between Christian churches, divisions that still shape Christianity today.

Pope at the time: [Pope John Paul II](https://christianity-history.com/popes/pope-john-paul-ii)

## Sources
- [Wikipedia — Écône consecrations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89c%C3%B4ne_consecrations)
- [Encyclopaedia Britannica topic lookup — Écône consecrations](https://www.britannica.com/search?query=%C3%89c%C3%B4ne+consecrations)
- [Wikipedia — Modern Era (period overview)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_20th_century)