# Pope Pius IX - Pope

URL: https://christianity-history.com/popes/pope-pius-ix
Pontificate: 16 June 1846 – 7 February 1878
Number in the papal list: 255
Born-Died: 1792-05-13 - 1878-02-07
Papal era: Modern Papacy
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX

Subject and later the last sovereign of the Papal States, finally becoming an Italian citizen. Defined the dogmas of Immaculate Conception and papal infallibility.

## Succession
- Previous in list: [Pope Gregory XVI](https://christianity-history.com/popes/pope-gregory-xvi)
- Next in list: [Pope Leo XIII](https://christianity-history.com/popes/pope-leo-xiii)

## Timeline events during this pontificate
- 1854 - [Immaculate Conception defined](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1854-immaculate-conception-defined)
- 1858 - [Lourdes apparitions](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1858-lourdes-apparitions)
- 1860 - [Oxford evolution debate](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1860-oxford-evolution-debate)
- 1864 - [Syllabus of Errors](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1864-syllabus-of-errors)
- 1864 - [Samuel Ajayi Crowther consecrated](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1864-samuel-ajayi-crowther-consecrated)
- 1865 - [China Inland Mission](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1865-china-inland-mission)
- 1865 - [Salvation Army founded](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1865-salvation-army-founded)
- 1870 - [First Vatican Council defines papal infallibility](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1870-first-vatican-council-defines-papal-infallibility)
- 1870 - [Capture of Rome](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1870-capture-of-rome)
- 1871 - [Kulturkampf](https://christianity-history.com/timeline/1871-kulturkampf)